Endogenous Bioelectrics in Development, Cancer, and Regeneration: Drugs and Bioelectronic Devices as Electroceuticals for Regenerative Medicine

PMC 2019PMC 2019

A major frontier in the post-genomic era is the investigation of the control of coordinated growth and three-dimensional form. Dynamic remodeling of complex organs in regulative embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer reveals that cells and tissues make decisions that implement complex anatomical outcomes. It is now essential to understand not only the genetics that specifies cellular hardware but also the physiological software that implements tissue-level plasticity and robust morphogenesis.

Rapid advances in genomics are revealing the mechanisms (and their evolutionary origin) underlying cellular hardware: the complement of proteins that a given cell deploys. However, fundamental gaps in our understanding remain, with respect to the software: the algorithms by which cells accomplish specific goals under a range of diverse environmental perturbations