Physical three-dimensional (3D) chromatin interactions between regulatory genomic elements play an important role in regulating gene expression (1,2). For example, the creation of chromatin interactions between the promoters and locus control regions of the β-globin gene is sufficient to trigger transcriptional activation, indicating that chromatin looping causally underlies gene regulation (3).
Cell-type-specific gene expression is often regulated by distal enhancers, and these enhancers are often enriched with disease-associated variants
Common Design 