Frozen Accident Pushing 50: Stereochemistry, Expansion, and Chance in the Evolution of the Genetic Code

Five decades after the publication of Crick’s seminal paper [1], frozen accident remains alive and well, and a major tenet of our thinking on the evolution of the code. It could be argued that frozen accident is not a theory and not even a hypothetical scenario but rather a meaningless non-explanation of the code origin.

…none of the three major theories of the code evolution has been fully successful in providing a definitive explanation although each has highlighted important features of the code.

Mucho ruido y pocas nueces (Much Ado About Nothing)

Where’s the beef?

Fairy tale of a boring kind.   Simply pathetic.

Complex functional specified information can only be the product of conscious design.